ABTÖNUNGSPARTIKEL MAL DALAM LIMA CERITA BERBAHASA JERMAN UNTUK ANAK BALITA: ANALISIS SINTAKSIS DAN SEMANTIK

Abstract

This research aims to: (1) identify the position and function of mal particles in five German language children's storybooks; and (2) describe the syntactic and semantic aspects of mal particles in the five story books. This research uses the Aufderstraße (2003, 2004, 2005) diagram model of German sentence structure (Satzstruktur) to determine the position of particles in sentences; Helbig-Buscha (1996) and Métrich/Faulscher (2009) theories about particles as a class of words, their semantic and communicative functions in German. The data were collected through an instrument which is developed from Helbig & Helbig (1995) in the form of a word list (Wortregister). Of the 16 words mal, including 4 "einmal" as synonyms, 14 words are adverbs, none are numeralia and 2 Abtönungspartikels which are found in imperative sentences. The results of the syntactic analysis show that the Abtönungspartikel mal in the German sentence structure occupies the “Informationâ€
(Angabe) while the results of the semantic analysis show that the Abtönungspartikel has a function in communication to maintain relationships and to avoid conflict by changing commands into friendly invitations in order to obtain a positive reaction from the interlocutor. This can be described and explained in more detail by the situation in which a dialogue or conversation takes place.